Traumatic Isolated Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Dislocation - Report of Two Clinical Cases.

Isolated thumb carpometacarpal joint dislocation is a rare lesion that accounts for less than 1% of all hand lesions. The authors present two cases of traumatic isolated thumb carpometacarpal joint dislocation. One of them was treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, and the other was treated with closed reduction, Kirschner-wires pinning, and cast immobilization. The first patient had a good functional outcome and showed no signs of thumb carpometacarpal instability. The patient treated with Kirschner wires presented signs of clinical instability and radiological subluxation. Isolated thumb carpometacarpal dislocation is a rare lesion that can cause joint instability, which interferes with the normal function of the hand and can lead to articular degenerative changes. The best management of this lesion is still controversial, since there is lack of evidence in the literature showing superiority of one treatment over the other.

"Bone-shot fracture" - An unusual iliac wing fracture caused by a projectile of autologous bone fragment. A case report.

CASE: A young adult male sustained a high-energy crash suffering multiple injuries including a comminuted right femoral shaft fracture and an ipsilateral iliac wing fracture. The iliac fracture was caused by a femoral fragment which was projected and pierced the iliac wing. The patient underwent surgery with retrieval of the femoral fragment and fixation of the iliac and femoral fractures. The lesions healed uneventfully. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of an iliac fracture caused by a projectile of autologous bone. High-energy trauma may present unusual or never seen injury patterns to the trauma surgeon.

Paediatric cervical spine injures. Nineteen years experience of a single centre.

PURPOSE: This observational study aims to describe pediatric C-spine injuries from a level 1 trauma centre through a period of 19 years. METHODS: Clinical records of pediatric trauma patients admitted to a level 1 trauma centre between 1991 and 2009 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by age into groups A (8 or less) and B (9 to 16), and in lower (C0-C2) and upper (C3-C7) spine injuries. Several variables were studied. RESULTS: Seventy-five cases of C-spine injuries (nine SCIWORA) were identified. Group A included 23 patients and group B 52. In group A, skeletal injuries at the upper C-spine were more common than injuries at the lower C-spine, whereas in group B, injuries of the lower C-spine were more frequent (p = 0.035). Motor vehicle accidents were the main cause of injury (44 %); 25.3 % of patients were surgically treated. Thirty-nine patients presented neurologic deficits, 16 of which improved. The overall mortality rate was 18.7 % and significantly higher in patients with neurological damages (p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a low incidence of cervical spine injuries in the paediatric population. As in previous reports younger children mainly sustained injuries at the upper C-spine, higher incidence of spinal injuries, and higher risk of death than older children.

Resultados da artroplastia de disco no tratamento da hérnia discal cervical / Results of disc arthroplasty for the treatment of cervical disc herniation / Resultados de la artroplastia de disco en el tratamiento de la hernia discal cervical

OBJETIVO: Avaliação dos resultados a longo prazo da artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) e comparação com fusão no tratamento da hérnia discal. MÉTODOS: Seleccionados pacientes com radiculopatia por hérnia discal cervical a um nível sucessivamente submetidos a ADC entre Junho de 2003 e Julho de 2006 (grupo artroplastia). Realizada avaliação radiográfica e clínica no pré-operatório, ao fim de um ano, e pelo menos cinco anos após o procedimento. Como controlo foi utilizado grupo submetido a descompressão e artrodese anterior, operado no mesmo período (grupo fusão), avaliado no tempo final de seguimento. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes do grupo artroplastia e 12 do grupo fusão, com tempo de seguimento médio de 5.4 anos. Na primeira avaliação obteve-se uma mobilidade média de 8,8º (2,2º-22º), tendo esta diminuído em média 3,6º (-18º-3,8º) à data final de seguimento. À data de seguimento final, 28% dos doentes inicialmente submetidos a artroplastia perderam a mobilidade pretendida; o NDI foi de 21% no grupo artroplastia vs 36,5% no grupo fusão (p=0,008); registou-se tendência para EVA cervical (2,9 vs 4,6) e braquial (2,8 vs 4,9) mais baixo no grupo artroplastia (p>0,05). Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as duas artroplastias utilizadas no que respeita a mobilidade, scores funcionais, ou complicações. Todos os pacientes do grupo artroplastia repetiriam o procedimento para apenas 67% do grupo fusão (p=0,021). CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as técnicas demonstraram ser seguras e eficazes no tratamento da hérnia discal cervical. A perda da mobilidade não teve repercussão clínica. O grupo artroplastia demonstrou ligeira superioridade nos resultados funcionais.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of long-term results of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and comparison with fusion in the treatment of disc herniation. METHODS: Patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single level disc herniation submitted to CDA between June 2003 and July 2006 (arthroplasty group). Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed preoperatively, after one year and at least five years after the procedure. A fusion group, who underwent anterior decompression and fusion in the same period, was used as control and was evaluated at final follow-up. RESULTS: 22 patients in the arthroplasty group and 12 in the fusion group, with mean follow-up of 5.4 years. In the first evaluation we obtained an average mobility of 8.8° (range 2.2°-22°), and this decreased on average 3.6º (range-18º-3.8º) to the final date of follow-up. At the time of final follow-up, 28% of patients who initially underwent arthroplasty lost the desired mobility; the NDI was 21% in the arthroplasty group vs 36.5% in the fusion group (p=0.008); there was a tendency for a lower cervical (2.9 vs 4.6) and arm VAS (2.8 vs 4.9) in the arthroplasty group (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two arthroplasties used with respect to mobility, functional scores, or complications. All patients in the arthroplasty group would repeat the procedure in comparison to only 67% of the fusion group (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques proved to be effective in the treatment of cervical disc herniation. The loss of mobility was not clinically significant.The arthroplasty group showed slightly superior results in the functional outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Evaluación de los resultados a largo plazo de la artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) y comparación con la fusión en el tratamiento de la hernia discal. MÉTODOS: Seleccionados pacientes con radiculopatía por hernia discal cervical a un nivel, sometidos sucesivamente a ADC entre junio de 2003 y julio de 2006 (grupo de artroplastia). Realizadas evaluaciones radiográfica y clínica en el preoperatorio, al fin de un año y por lo menos cinco años después del procedimiento. Como control, se consideró a un grupo sometido a descompresión y artrodesis anterior, operado en el mismo período (grupo de fusión), evaluado en el período final de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes del grupo de artroplastia y 12 del grupo de fusión, con período promedio de seguimiento de 5,4 años. En la primera evaluación, se obtuvo una movilidad promedio de 8,8º (2,2º-22º), habiendo esta disminuido en promedio 3,6º (-18º-3,8º) a la fecha final del acompañamiento. En la fecha final del seguimiento, 28% de los enfermos, sometidos inicialmente a artroplastia, habían perdido la movilidad pretendida; el NDI fue 21% en el grupo de artroplastia vs 36,5% en el grupo de fusión (p=0,008); se registró tendencia para EVA cervical (2,9 vs 4,6) y braquial (2,8 vs 4,9) más bajo en el grupo de artroplastia (p>0,05). No se verificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos artroplastias que se utilizaron, con respecto a movilidad, scores funcionales o complicaciones. Todos los pacientes del grupo de artroplastia repitieron el procedimiento, en comparación con solamente 67% del grupo de fusión (p=0,021). CONCLUSIONES: Ambas técnicas demostraron ser seguras y eficaces en el tratamiento de la hernia discal cervical. La pérdida de la movilidad no tuvo repercusión clínica. El grupo de artroplastia demostró una ligera superioridad en los resultados funcionales.